State Views
In spite of the fact that Maine officials articulated the views that the land
claims were without merit and that it was not fair to raise a 200-year old
claim, the State supported the settlement. During hearings on March 28,
1980, before the Legislature's Joint Select Committee on the Maine Indian Claims
Settlement, Attorney General Richard Cohen and a representative of Governor
Joseph Brennan presented several arguments in support of the settlement:
There was a serious chance that the State of Maine and some of its citizens
might have some substantial liability. The settlement would extinguish all
Indian claims to Maine land and Maine money.
If the matter went to trial, it would be very costly to the State. During
an uncertain period of litigation the ability of the State, municipalities, and
private corporations to market bonds would be severely jeopardized. Titles
to real estate would be difficult to transfer. There would be serious
economic and social disruption and turmoil.
The settlement was financially advantageous to the State. The federal
government would appropriate millions of dollars to enable the tribes to
purchase 300,000 acres of land. Because the tribes would receive
substantial federal financial assistance as federally recognized tribes, the
State could terminate its funding ($1,718,000) for the Department of Indian
Affairs, Indian Education, and the Maine Indian Housing Authorities.
The settlement would not create a nation within a nation. There would be a
favorable tribal-state jurisdictional relationship, described by Attorney
General Cohen, as follows:
"... [T]he framework of laws in this Act is by far the most favorable
state-Indian jurisdictional relationship that exists anywhere in the United
States. As a general rule, States have little authority to enforce state
laws on Indian Lands. Tax laws, water and air pollution laws, zoning laws,
health laws, contract and business laws and criminal laws--all those state laws
are usually unenforceable on state Indian Lands. More than half the
states in the United States have Indian Lands within their borders and most of
those states are engaged in continual battles with Indian Tribes over the
question of whether state laws apply to those lands. In fact, in Maine,
the State Supreme Court has recently ruled that Maine cannot enforce its
criminal laws on the existing Indian Reservations and ... lacks jurisdiction
over those Reservations ... If the Indians were successful in the Land Claim and
recovered some land, not only would we lose the land, but also we would probably
be unable to enforce State Laws on those lands. I believe such a
result would be intolerable. The proposal before you not only avoids such
a situation, but recovers for the State much of the jurisdiction over the
existing reservations that it has lost in ... recent litigation."